Periodontal (Dental) Disease
Also called: Gum disease, periodontitis, gingivitis, dental disease
- Dogs
- Dental & mouth
- Adult / Senior
Bacteria form plaque on the teeth, which hardens into calculus (tartar), leading to infection and inflammation of the gums and the structures supporting the teeth. Gingivitis is reversible with cleaning, but periodontitis causes irreversible loss of tooth support. It is the most common clinical condition in adult dogs.
Signs to look for
- Bad breath
- Red, swollen, or bleeding gums
- Visible tartar (brown/yellow build-up)
- Pain or pulling away when the mouth is touched
- Reluctance to eat, or dropping food
- Loose or missing teeth (advanced disease)
How a vet diagnoses it
Oral examination, tooth-by-tooth periodontal probing, and full-mouth dental X-rays under anaesthesia, which the 2019 AAHA Dental Care Guidelines strongly recommend.
Treatment
Professional dental cleaning under anaesthesia, including below the gumline, with extractions for advanced disease, followed by ongoing home care such as toothbrushing. Anaesthesia-free 'cleaning' does not treat disease below the gumline.
Monitoring at home
Home dental care and regular checks. Largely preventable and manageable with consistent care.
Who tends to get it
Most dogs show some evidence by three years of age. Small breeds tend to have more trouble with periodontitis than large breeds.
This library is educational reference only. It is designed to help you learn about health conditions your pet may have been diagnosed with — it does not interpret your pet's symptoms, cannot diagnose, and is not a substitute for veterinary care. Cats and dogs often hide illness well, so signs can be subtle. Any new, persistent, or worsening sign warrants a vet visit.