Hip Dysplasia

Also called: Canine hip dysplasia, CHD

• Dogs
• Bones & joints
• Young onset; signs at any age

An abnormal development of the hip joint, with joint looseness (laxity) that leads over time to degenerative joint disease and osteoarthritis. Genetics, rapid growth, nutrition, and exercise all contribute. It appears either in younger dogs with joint laxity or in mature dogs with secondary arthritis.

Signs to look for

• Lameness, worse after exercise
• A 'bunny-hopping' gait
• Reduced range of motion and stiffness
• Pain when the hip is extended
• Difficulty rising or climbing

How a vet diagnoses it

Physical examination (including tests for hip laxity) and X-rays. In Australia, screening is offered through the Canine Hip and Elbow Dysplasia Scheme (CHEDS), administered by Dogs Australia. The PennHIP method can assess laxity from around 4 months of age.

Treatment

Most dogs are managed medically — weight control, exercise modification, NSAIDs, physiotherapy/hydrotherapy, and nutraceuticals. Surgery is reserved for severely affected or unresponsive dogs and ranges from procedures in young dogs to hip replacement or femoral head removal in mature dogs.

Monitoring at home

Highly variable and depends on severity and body condition. Most dogs do not need surgery; weight control is one of the most important long-term factors.

Who tends to get it

Most common in large- and giant-breed dogs (e.g. German Shepherd, Labrador and Golden Retriever, Rottweiler), but smaller breeds can be affected.

Sources

• Merck Veterinary Manual — Hip Dysplasia in Dogs
• American College of Veterinary Surgeons — Canine Hip Dysplasia