Ear Infections / Otitis Externa

Also called: Otitis externa, outer-ear infection, ear-canal inflammation

• Dogs
• Skin & parasites
• Any

Inflammation of the external ear canal. It is often driven by an underlying allergy, with secondary bacterial or yeast (Malassezia) infection; ear shape, moisture, parasites, and foreign bodies also contribute. Identifying every underlying cause is essential, or the problem recurs.

Signs to look for

• Head shaking and ear scratching
• Foul odour from the ear
• Redness, swelling, or discharge
• Pain or itchiness in one or both ears

How a vet diagnoses it

History, otoscopic examination, and ear cytology (looking at a swab under the microscope), with culture where needed.

Treatment

Cleaning plus medicated topical drops (antibacterial, antifungal, and/or anti-inflammatory) and treating the underlying cause. Chronic or middle-ear cases may need oral medication. Your vet may clip hair and clean the canal first.

Monitoring at home

Recheck to confirm the infection has cleared, and address underlying causes (often allergy) to prevent recurrence. Untreated chronic disease can lead to end-stage ear disease.

Who tends to get it

Any breed or age, but dogs with long/pendulous ears, hairy or narrow canals, and allergic dogs are over-represented (e.g. Cocker Spaniel, Basset Hound, retrievers). Roughly 1 in 14 dogs is affected in a given year.

Sources

• Merck Veterinary Manual — Otitis Externa in Animals
• American College of Veterinary Surgeons — Ear Disease