Diabetes Mellitus
Also called: Diabetes, sugar diabetes, DM
- Dogs
- Hormonal (endocrine)
- Middle-aged / Senior
A chronic disorder of metabolism caused by a lack of insulin, usually from irreversible loss of the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. In dogs it is generally lifelong (unlike cats, where remission can occur). It is managed with insulin and diet.
When it is an emergency
Diabetic ketoacidosis is an emergency — vomiting, marked lethargy, not eating, and collapse in a known or suspected diabetic dog warrant urgent veterinary care.
Signs to look for
- Increased thirst and urination
- Increased appetite with weight loss
- Cataracts and vision changes (common in dogs)
- Lethargy
How a vet diagnoses it
Documentation of persistently high blood glucose together with glucose in the urine, alongside compatible clinical signs, after ruling out other causes.
Treatment
Insulin injections (most dogs need two doses daily) with dietary management (often higher-fibre diets), a consistent daily routine, and appropriate exercise. Owner education is central to success.
Monitoring at home
Blood-glucose curves and clinical-sign monitoring, with dose adjustment. Prognosis is generally good with early diagnosis and consistent management.
Who tends to get it
Most cases in middle-aged to older dogs (roughly 4–14 years); unspayed females are at higher risk. Several small breeds are predisposed, but any breed can be affected.
This library is educational reference only. It is designed to help you learn about health conditions your pet may have been diagnosed with — it does not interpret your pet's symptoms, cannot diagnose, and is not a substitute for veterinary care. Cats and dogs often hide illness well, so signs can be subtle. Any new, persistent, or worsening sign warrants a vet visit.