Osteoarthritis / Degenerative Joint Disease
Also called: OA, DJD, arthritis
- Cats
- Bones & joints
- Senior
Osteoarthritis is the gradual, irreversible breakdown of the cartilage that cushions the joints, causing bones to rub together, with inflammation and pain. It is very common, especially in older cats, but is often missed because cats hide pain well and rarely limp obviously — instead they tend to slow down and change behaviour.
Signs to look for
- Reluctance or inability to jump up or down, or jumping shorter distances
- Reduced activity / sleeping more
- Stiffness
- Reduced grooming, or an unkempt coat
- Irritability or being grumpier when touched
- Toileting outside the litter tray (if climbing in is painful)
- Limping is less common than owners expect
How a vet diagnoses it
Physical examination and history (owner observations are crucial), with X-rays to show joint changes. Owner-completed screening tools such as the Feline Osteoarthritis Checklist substantially improve detection.
Treatment
No cure, but the disease can be slowed and pain managed: weight control, environmental adjustments (ramps, steps, low-sided litter trays, soft bedding), vet-prescribed pain relief (including newer anti-NGF injectable therapy and NSAIDs), omega-3 fatty acids, and joint supplements.
Monitoring at home
Mobility, activity level, pain/comfort, body weight, and response to medication (including monitoring for drug side effects).
Who tends to get it
Most common in older/senior cats. A 2011 study found 61% of cats aged 6+ had radiographic OA in at least one joint. Obesity increases risk.
This library is educational reference only. It is designed to help you learn about health conditions your pet may have been diagnosed with — it does not interpret your pet's symptoms, cannot diagnose, and is not a substitute for veterinary care. Cats and dogs often hide illness well, so signs can be subtle. Any new, persistent, or worsening sign warrants a vet visit.